In this paper, radar transmitter circuits for next generation automotive radar sensors are presented. A 79 GHz radar transmitter with an output power of 14.5 dBm consuming only 165 mA (including frequency dividers) from a 3.3 V supply voltage clearly shows the advantage of using an improved SiGe technology with an f of 380 GHz. In addition, two radar transmitters for higher frequencies (around 150

This paper presents a low-power and low-noise amplifier (LNA) with resistive-feedback configuration. The design consists of two resistive-feedback amplifiers. In order to reduce the chip area, a resistive-feedback inverter is adopted for input matching. The output stage adopts basic topology of an RC feedback for output matching, and adds two inductors for inductive peaking at the high band. The i

Radar sensors are used widely in modern driver assistance systems. Available sensors nowadays often operate in the 77 GHz band and can accurately provide distance, velocity, and angle information about remote objects. Increasing the operation frequency allows improving the angular resolution and accuracy. In this paper, the technical feasibility to move the operation frequency beyond 100 GHz is di

In this work, the design of the wideband millimeter-wave power amplifier for multiband communication is presented. In order to achieve compact, simple and robust design, a differential cascade transformer-coupled topology is used. The amplifier is implemented in 90 nm low-leakage CMOS technology and achieves 3 dB bandwidth of 8 GHz (from 60 to 68 GHz) and a peak gain of 18 dB. The P is better than

Radar sensors operating in the 76 81 GHz range are considered as essential parts of future vehicle safety systems and could significantly contribute in reducing the number of traffic casualties. Yet high manufacturing costs prevented their broad utilization in cars in the past. Today's SiGe processes show high potential to bring down cost of millimeter (mm)-wave systems into a range where they bec

A general purpose two-channel Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW)-sensor in E-band is extended to a digital-beam-forming (DBF) system. The hardware extension contains a transmit multiplexer, which allows switching of the (DBF) transmit signal of the sensor to any of 32 linearly arranged waveguide antennae. To maintain the spatial sampling condition by ?/2 element distance, the antenna ports

We studied the viability of the embedded wafer level ball grid array (eWLB) package environment as an antenna platform for 77 GHz automotive radar sensors and the effects of package fabrication tolerances on the antenna performance. The investigation of different antenna concepts in the eWLB package and their characterization methods are addressed. The design procedures for electrically large, dif

In this paper, optimization of a microstrip patch antenna is presented. The optimization uses a genetic algorithm in the IE3D Simulator. The optimization is done in several steps, first by changing the position of parasitic patches on the top layer, second by placing a feeding patch at the middle layer of geometry, and third by indirect coupling between the top and middle layer patches. Overall, w

A large-signal model and a simulation technique based on non-sinusoidal voltage excitation are used to obtain the electric field snapshots from which the series resistance and related high-frequency properties of a 35 GHz Silicon Single-Drift Region (SDR) Impact Avalanche Transit Time (IMPATT) device have been estimated for different bias current densities. A novel method is proposed in this paper

Digital predistortion (DPD) of a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) is made challenging when the observation bandwidth (OBW) used to measure the output signal is narrower than the intermodulation distortion (IMD) spectrum generated. Wide bandwidth input signals stimulate memory effects within the PA thereby requiring the model order of the DPD to be expanded to include memory correction coefficients.

This paper expounds the systematic modeling of the behavior of radio frequency RF power amplifiers (PAs) exhibiting nonlinear, dynamic behavior. The approach begins with an analysis of the PA output signal to deduce the minimum embedding parameters required to accurately model its response, particularly the nonlinearity order and memory effects depth. The knowledge of the RF PA is then exploited i

Power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities and the digital predistortion (DPD) required for linearization are modeled at baseband using the memoryless polynomial, memory polynomial, and pruned Volterra series. The sampling requirements for the nonlinear basis waveforms created from a band-limited signal are determined as a function of the polynomial order. A Gaussian approximation of the channel filterin

This paper presents a new macro modeling methodology for solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) and packaged transistors used in communication systems. The model topology is based on the principle of harmonic superposition recently introduced by Agilent Technologies' X-parameters combined with dynamic Volterra theory. The resulting multi-harmonic bilateral model takes into account the coupling effec

This paper presents and discusses two possible real-time digital predistortion (DPD) architectures suitable for envelope tracking (ET) power amplifiers (PAs) oriented at a final computationally efficient implementation in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. In ET systems, by using a shaping function is possible to modulate the supply voltage according to different criteria. One possibil

In many base-station applications, the load/usage fluctuates over time periods of hours to days, thereby varying the required transmit power by as much as 10 dB. It is desirable to maintain high efficiency and linearity in the power amplifier under these back-off conditions in order to achieve high long-term efficiency. This paper demonstrates a scalable digital predistortion (DPD) approach that c

This paper presents a new order selection technique of matrix memory polynomial technique that models the nonlinearities of single-branch and multi-branch transmitters. The new criteria take into account the complexity of the model in addition to its mean-square error in the selection criteria. The quasi-convexity of the proposed criteria was proven in this work. By using this proposed Akaike info

Most non-linear behavioral models of amplifiers are based on functions that are analytic at the origin and thus can be replaced by their Taylor series development around this point, e.g. polynomials of the input signal. Chebyshev Transforms can be used to compute the harmonic response of the model to a sine input signal. These responses are polynomials of the input signal amplitude. A second appli

In this paper, a complete design procedure, together with robust system validation approaches, is presented for implementing a high-performance re-configurable digital predistortion (DPD) test platform for compensating for nonlinear distortion and memory effects induced by radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers (PAs) in the transmitters of modern wireless communication systems. This hardware and so

This paper describes a digital signal processing (DSP) method for achieving ?ideal? amplification, maximizing both the average output signal power and power-added-efficiency for any signal waveform and any power amplifier (PA) transfer characteristic. Detailed algorithms are described for optimally accomplishing peak reduction (PR), predistortion (PD) linearization, and integration of these DSP te

The paper describes a radar demonstrator that was used to collect L-band range profiles of illuminated ground surface. The measurement results are to be used by the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography as the reference data for satellite image interpretation. The demonstrator is a software-defined noise radar composed of commercial-off-the-shelf elements. The paper conveys the theory of scattering

This paper presents the design and measurement of two different switch matrix modules based on Radio Frequency Microelectromechanical System (RF MEMS) switches. The operational frequency range is between 25.5 GHz and 26.5 GHz for data links between a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) relay satellite and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The switch matrix implements a key functionality for tracking t