CLASSIFICATION OF SEA ICE TYPES WITH RADAR Martti Hallikainen$ and Martti Toikka$ ABSTRACT Using a helicopter-borne multichannel scatterometer (accurately calibrated non-imaging radar), the feasibility of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from present and near-future spacebome sensors for assisting winter navigation in the Baltic Sea was investigated. Due to cloud cover and short days

FOCUSING OF TWO DIMENSIONAL ISAR IMAGES BY CONTRAST MAXIMIZATION F. BERIZZJ* G. CORSINI* ABSTRACT Some autofocusing techniques for the motion compensation in Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging of ohject are proposed. These techniques are based on the maximization of a suitably defined contrast function which represents a measure of the degree of focus of the image. A theoretical analysis

AUTOMATION OF FOREST INVENTORY USING AIRBORNE RANGING RADAR Juha Hyyppii, Martti Hallikainen, Hannu Hyyppii and Kari Heiskal ABSTRACT Forest inventory methods based on data acquired with an airborne ranging radar are discussed. The approach can be used to partly automate present labour-dominated forest inventory methods. Using these methods, the mean and dominant tree height can be measured with a

DETECTION OF SPRUCE DEFOLIATION MICROWAVE RADAR TECHNIQUES WITH Jouni Pulliainen*, Kari Heiska*, Juha Hyyppa* and Martti Hallikainen* ABSTRACT Results achieved from microwave radar backscattering measurements of defoliating spruces are presented. Individual spruces were measured in an unechoic chamber and in outdoor conditions and the natural defoliation was simulated by gradually removing the

PHASE AND AMPLITUDE AUTOMATIC MEASUREMENTS M. Cicolani *, F. Marchetti ABSTRACT * ON PULSED RF SIGNALS A low cost System is described which automatically performs and accurate instantaneous phase and amplitude measurements. fast With this Test Equipment it is possible to measure with accuracy and repeatability amplitude and insertion phase during the RF pulse on passive and active components w

WAFER PROBING ISSUES AT MILLIMETER WAVE FREQUENCIES EDWARD M. GODSHALK ABSTRACT With increased wafer probing activity at millimeter wave frequencies, and the maturing of wafer probing technology itself, new issues have arisen. Many of these issues involve phenomena which, although present at lower frequencies, do not cause significant perturbation at measured data below 40 GHz. At higher frequen

DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FIXTURED MEASUREMENTS: A NOVEL APPROACH L. Pradell*, M. Caceres*, F. Purroy* ABSTRACT FOR ON-WAFER AND Network Analyzer self-calibration techniques -TRL, LMR, TAR- are developed, implemented and compared in several transmission media. A novel LMR (Line-Match-Reflect) technique based on known LINE and REFLECT Standards, is proposed and compared to conv

RATIO OF COMPLEX AMPLITUDES MEASUREMENT SIX-PORT WITH HOMODYNE PHASE-SENSITIVE BY MEANS DETECTORS OF Bogdan Galwas, Slawomir Palczewski * ABSTRACT The paper presents the next after the six-port reflectometer application of homodyne detectors - six-port vector voltmeter. Homodyne detection with rectangular phase modulation is used in the measurement system. Mathematical model of the system, whic

A Generalization of the Txx Network Analyzer Self-Calibration Procedure Holger Heuermann and Burkhard Schiek * Abstract : A modified TAN method for a network analyzer calibration is presented. It allows a calibration with oneport-standards, like match and short without changing the algorithm. As results of the modified TAN procedure new more specified procedures are presented, e.g. TxS/S and Tx

A HOMODYNE VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER FOR MAGNITUDE AND PHASE MEASUREMENTS OF HARMONICS GENERATED BY NONLINEAR TWO-PORTS B. Burchardt, Abstract A homodyne network analyzer system is presented for simultanously measuring magnitude and phase of harmonics generated by a nonlinear device under large-signal excitation. The measurement system uses a high linearity SSBmodulator and operates in frequency-dom